INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ULF BASED EMISSIONS FOR THE STRONG EARTHQUAKE (M 6.8) OCCURRED IN PAKISTAN REGION    

Authors : SWATI, NITIN DUBEY, DEVBRAT PUNDHIR

Publishing Date : 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.52458/9788197112492.nsp.2024.eb.ch-32

ISBN : 978-81-977620-7-9

Pages : 308-314

Chapter id : RBS/NSP/EB/RAASTTSE/2024/Ch-32

Abstract : In this paper we aim to study two significant earthquakes of high magnitude M=7.4 and 6.8 occurred in Pakistan in September 2013. We have examined the ulf data from the Agra station for September 2013 in order to study this. For this raw lemi 30i files have been analyzed and enhanced bursts have been found. In order to ascertain the lithospheric origin we have examined these bursts and electromagnetic bursts have been found of duration 10-15 sec and frequency range 0.06-0.1 Hz. Further to study these burst in detail we have used two analysis namely polarization parameter analysis and fractal analysis. Anomalous variations have been found 9-16 days before earthquake.

Keywords : ULF, fractal analysis, polarization parameter analysis.

Cite : S., Dubey, N., & Pundhir, D. (2024). Investigations On The Ulf Based Emissions For The Strong Earthquake (M 6.8) Occurred In Pakistan Region (1st ed., pp. 308-314). Noble Science Press. https://doi.org/10.52458/9788197112492.nsp.2024.eb.ch-32

References :

1. Chauhan, V., Singh, O.P., Kushwah, V., Singh, V., Singh, B., 2009. Ultra-low- frequency (ULF) and total electron content (TEC) anomalies observed at Agra and their association with regional earthquakes. J. Geodynamics,Vol. 48, pp. 68- 74.
2. Chauhan, V., Singh, R. P., Singh, O. P., 2010.Study of GPS-TEC related to Wenchuan earthquake (M=7.9) of 12 May 2008 and their fractal analysis. J. Atmos. Elec., Vol. 30 (1), pp. 63-74.
3. Chauhan, V., Singh, O.P., Pandey, U., Singh, B., Arora, B.R., Rawat, G., Pathan, B.M., Sinha, A.K., Sharma, A.K., & Patil A.V., 2012. A search for precursors of earthquakes from multistation ULF observations and TEC measurements in India. Indian J. of Radio & Space Phy., Vol. 41, pp. 543-556.
4. Dobrovolsky, I.P., Zubkov, S.I., Miachkin, V.I., 1979. Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones. Pure Appl. Geophys. Vol. 117, pp.1025-1044.
5. Fenoglio, M.A., Johnston, M.J. S., Byerlee, J.D., 1995. Magnetic and electric fields associated with changes in high pore pressure in fault zones; application to the Loma Prieta ULF emissions, J. Geophys. Res.Vol. 100, pp. 12951-12958.
6. Hayakawa M. and Y. Fujinawa, [Eds] (1994), Electromagnetic phenomena related to earthquake prediction, Terra Sci. Pub. Co., Tokyo, pp. 175.
7. Hayakawa, M., Kawate, R., Molchanov, O.A., Yumoto, K., 1996. Results of Ultra-Low Frequency magnetic field measurements during the Guam Earthquake of 8 August, 1993.Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 23, pp. 241-244.
8. Hayakawa, M., Hattori, K., and Ohta, K., 2007. Monitoring of ULF (ultra-low- frequency) geomagnetic variations associated with earthquakes. Sensors 7, pp. 1108-1122.
9. Hayakawa, M. (Editor), 2012. The Frontier of Earthquake Prediction Studies. Nihonsenmontosho-Shuppan, Tokyo, 794p.
10. Ida, Y., and Hayakawa, M., 2006. Fractal Analysis for the ULF data during the 1993 Guam earthquake to study prefracture criticality, Nonlin. Proc. Geophys., Vol. 13, pp. 409-412.
11. Kushwah V., V. Singh, B. Singh and M. Hayakawa (2005), Ultra low frequency (ULF) magnetic field anomalies observed at Agra and their relation to moderate seismic activities in Indian region, J. Atmos. Solar-Terres Phys., Vol. 67, pp. 992-1001.
12. Kushwah V., V. Singha and B. Singh (2009), Ultra low frequency (ULF) amplitude anomalies observed at Agra (India) and their association with regional earthquakes, Phys. Chem. Earth, Vol. 34, pp. 367-372.
13. Ouzounov, D., Pulinets S., Davidenko D., Rozhnoi A., Solovieva M., Fedun V., Dwivedi B. N., Rybin A., Kafatos M., Taylor P., 2021. Transient Effects in Atmosphere and IonospherePreceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes. Front. Earth Sci.9:757358.
14. Pullinets, S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A., 2004. Ionospheric precursors of the earthquakes. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
15. Singh B., Tyagi R., Hobara Y., Hayakawa M., 2014. X-rays and solar proton event induced changes in the first mode Schumann resonance frequency observed at a low latitude station Agra, India. J. Atmos. Solar-Terres. Phys., Vol. 113, pp. 1-9.
16. Singh, B., Pundhir, D., 2014. Some results of Schumann Resonance studies at a low latitude station Agra, India during post period of solar cycle minimum 2008- 2009. Indian J. Radio Sp. Phys.,Vol. 43, pp. 325-332.
17. Singh, D., Singh, B., Pundhir, D., 2018.Ionospheric perturbations due to earthquakes as determined from VLF and GPS-TEC data analysis at Agra, India. Adv. Sp. Res.Vol.16, pp.1952-1965.
18. Smirnova, N., Hayakawa, M., Gotoh, K., 2004. Precursory behaviour of fractal characteristics of the ULF electromagnetic fields in seismic active zone before strong earthquakes. Phys. Chem. Earth, Vol. 29, pp. 445-451.
19. Smith, B.E., Johnston, M.J.S., 1976. A technomagnetic effect observed  before  a magnitude 5.2 earthquake near Holistor. California J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 81, pp. 3556–3560.