Abstract : The pharmaceutical industry has historical roots that trace back to the trial-and-error approach to treatment and cures based on ancestral knowledge. The scientific evolution, rooted in rationalism and experimental ideas from the 17th century, paved the way for the industrial revolution in the late 18th century, setting the stage for the establishment of the pharmaceutical industry in the 19th century [1]. The concept of human health gained prominence. Merck, now known as Merck & Co, originated in Germany and was one of the early companies dedicated to advancing human health. Founded as a drugstore in 1668, under Heinrich Emanuel Merck, it transitioned towards manufacturing and played a pivotal role in the industrial and retailing of alkaloids. Similarly, GSK has its origins in 1715 when its founder, Beecham, became involved in the industrial production of prescriptions. It began creating patent remedies in 1842 and became the world's first workplace exclusively producing drugs in 1859In the course of these changes, the United States underwent notable advancements. In 1849, Pfizer was established by two German immigrant siblings, commencing operations primarily in the realm of fine chemicals. Subsequently, following the conclusion of the American Civil War, their enterprise underwent expansion due to a surge in the demand for sedatives and disinfectants [2,3].
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Cite : Bagga, R., & Khanna, A. (2024). Financial Performance Evaluation Of Bayer Ag And Pfizer Inc.: A Comparative Ratio Analysis (1st ed., pp. 48-51). Noble Science Press. https://doi.org/10.52458/978-8197040863.2024.eb.ch-11
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