NEW ERA OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

By Ms SONIKA

Dr. SHILPA C. SHINDE

Dr. PIYANKA DHAR

Prof. JAMAKHANDI HAYAVADANA

Dr. D. BASKARAN

PAPER BACK ISBN : 978-81-977620-4-8

DATE : 2024

PAGES : 1-235

EDITIONS : 01

LANGUAGE : English

DOI : https://doi.org/10.52458/9788197762048.nsp.2024.tb

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"New Era of Educational Psychology" is a book that consolidates fundamental principles, theories, and practical applications within the dynamic domain of educational psychology. This book aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for educators, psychologists, researchers, and students in an era characterized by the ongoing transformation of education due to technological advancements, cognitive insights, and the evolving requirements of various learners.Educational psychology is fundamental to comprehending how individuals acquire knowledge, progress, and excel in academic environments. As the educational landscape becomes more intricate, with heightened focus on inclusivity, mental health, and personalized learning, it is essential for practitioners in the area to be proficient in both classical theories and modern advances.

This book is organized around fundamental ideas that embody the foundations of contemporary educational psychology. Each chapter offers profound insights into the application of psychological principles in teaching, learning, and classroom management, emphasizing practical implementations for educators. The chapters on Collaborative Reflection and Peer Feedback underscore the significance of teachers collaborating to enhance their instructional methodologies and advance their professional development. The function of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) is examined as an effective mechanism for promoting collaborative learning and ongoing enhancement, while the segments on Peer Observation illustrate how educators can gain from each other's experiences via thoughtful and constructive criticism.

In composing “New Era of Educational Psychology,” we sought to deliver a comprehensive yet accessible resource that addresses the current requirements of education professionals. We aspire for this book to function both as a reference guide and as a source of inspiration for individuals dedicated to enacting significant changes in education. By comprehending and implementing the ideas of educational psychology, educators may establish learning environments that are inclusive, inventive, and attuned to the varied needs of their students.

As we traverse this "new era in educational psychology," it is evident that student achievement relies on factors beyond mere knowledge transmission. A comprehensive approach is necessary that encompasses the emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of learning. We encourage you to approach the forthcoming chapters with an open mind, a contemplative heart, and a dedication to ongoing development and enhancement of your instructional methodologies.

Chapter’s

Title

Page No.

Chapter-01

INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

1-12

 

  • INTRODUCTION

2

 

  • THE NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
  • Definition and Scope of Educational Psychology

2

 

  • HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

5

 

  • IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

9

 

  • APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

10

Chapter-02

THEORIES OF LEARNING

13-24

 

  • INTRODUCTION
  • Importance of Learning Theories

14

 

  • BEHAVIORISM (PAVLOV, SKINNER, WATSON)

15

 

  • COGNITIVE THEORIES (PIAGET, VYGOTSKY, BRUNER)

16

 

  • CONSTRUCTIVISM
  • The Principles of Constructivism

19

 

  • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY (BANDURA)

20

 

  • INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORIES
  • Origins of Information Processing Theory
  • Elements of Information Processing Theory
  • Models of Information Processing Theory

21

Chapter-03

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

25-35

 

  • INTRODUCTION

26

 

  • STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

26

 

  • DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
  • Kohlberg’s 3 Levels of Moral Development
  • Piaget’s 4 Stages of Intellectual Development

28

 

  • IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON LEARNING

34

Chapter-04

MOTIVATION IN EDUCATION

36-52

 

  • INTRODUCTION

37

 

  • TYPES OF MOTIVATION
  • Strategies & Suggestions to Motivate Students

37

 

  • MODELS TO MOTIVATE STUDENTS

40

 

  • THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
  • Self-Determination Theory
  • Continuum of Self-Determination
  • M.A.P - Mastery, Autonomy and Purpose Model
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory
  • Testing Maslow’s Theory
  • Maslow’s Impact on Other Researchers

41

 

  • INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

47

 

  • CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS FOR MOTIVATING STUDENTS

49

Chapter-05

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

53-64

 

  • INTRODUCTION

54

 

  • GOALS OF EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

 

 

  • STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

54

 

  • MANAGING STUDENT BEHAVIOR
  • Understanding Common Behavior Issues
  • Components of Classroom Behavior Management

54

 

  • STRATEGIES FOR HANDLING STUDENT BEHAVIOR ISSUES

58

 

  • CREATING A POSITIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
  • Components of A Learning Environment
  • Importance: Positive Learning Environment
  • Characteristics of a Positive Classroom Environment

59

Chapter-06

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

65-98

 

  • INTRODUCTION

66

 

  • ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION
  • Types of Assessments
  • Diagnostic Assessment
  • Components of a Diagnostic Assessment
  • Formative Assessment
  • Essential Components of Formative Evaluation
  • Benchmark/Interim Assessment
  • Components of a Benchmark Exam
  • Summative Assessment
  • Components of Summative Assessments

66

 

  • PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ASSESSMENT
  • Fairness Principle
  • Sufficiency Principle
  • Currency Principle
  • Authentic Principle
  • Validity Principle
  • Learning Domains Principles

85

 

  • INTERPRETING ASSESSMENT RESULTS
  • Types of Assessment Results

89

 

  • CHALLENGES IN EVALUATION

95

Chapter-07

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

99-115

 

  • INTRODUCTION

100

 

  • EVALUATING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES
  • Cognitive Abilities
  • Evaluating Cognitive Abilities
  • Cultural and Social Backgrounds
  • Evaluating Cultural and Social Backgrounds
  • Evaluating Similarities
  • Evaluating Commonalities

101

 

  • NATURE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

104

 

  • ASSESSING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
  • UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES (LEARNING STYLES, INTELLIGENCE, PERSONALITY)
  • LEARNING STYLES
  • Evaluating Learning Styles:
  • INTELLIGENCE
  • Nature of Intelligence
  • Types of Intelligence
  • Individual Intelligence Tests:
  • Group Intelligence Tests:
  • Different Types of Intelligence Tests: Verbal, Non-verbal, and Performance
  • Applications of Intelligence Testing
  • PERSONALITY TRAITS
  • Evaluating Personality Traits:
  • Nature of Personality

105

Chapter-08

SPECIAL EDUCATION AND INCLUSION

116-123

 

  • INTRODUCTION- SPECIAL EDUCATION AND INCLUSION

117

 

  • NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

117

 

  • OBJECTIVES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

119

 

  • PRINCIPLES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

119

 

  • SCOPE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION

120

 

  • STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING DIVERSE LEARNERS

121

Chapter-09

COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES

124-140

 

  • INTRODUCTION

125

 

  • ENHANCING MEMORY AND UNDERSTANDING
  • Lifestyle Strategies
  • Metacognition and Self-Regulated Learning

126

 

  • COGNITION, METACOGNITION, MOTIVATION

129

 

  • STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

132

Chapter-10

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES

141-156

 

  • INTRODUCTION
  • Direct Instruction
  • Indirect Instruction
  • Interactive Instruction

142

 

  • EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

143

 

  • INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
  • Strategy: Direct Instruction
  • Strategy: Indirect Instruction
  • Instructions Given Indirectly
  • Concept Formation
  • Inquiry
  • Deductive Inquiry
  • Inductive Inquiry
  • Strategy: Interactive Instruction

144

 

  • POPULAR INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES THAT IMPROVE 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS

153

 

  • DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION
  • Technology use in the Classroom
  • Whiteboards that Interact
  • AR & VR

154

Chapter-11

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING (SEL)

157-162

 

  • INTRODUCTION

158

 

  • IMPORTANCE OF SEL IN EDUCATION
  • Academic Achievement
  • Positive School Climate
  • Social and Emotional Well-Being
  • Citizenship and Civic Engagement

158

 

  • PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES FOR SEL IN SCHOOLS
  • SEL Curriculum
  • Journaling
  • Mindfulness Practices
  • Community Building
  • Classroom Behavioral Management

159

 

  • IMPACT OF SEL ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

161

Chapter-12

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

163-185

 

  • INTRODUCTION
  • Meaning- Educational Technology and Psychology
  • Definition of Educational Technology

164

 

  • CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

165

 

  • PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

166

 

  • SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

169

 

  • PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGY USE IN EDUCATION
  • Motivation and Self-Efficacy
  • Attention and Cognitive Load
  • Social Interaction and Emotional Health

172

 

  • THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TOOLS ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT AND LEARNING

176

 

  • THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PERSONALIZED LEARNING
  • Adaptive Learning Systems
  • Benefits of Adaptive Learning Systems:
  • Challenges of Adaptive Learning Systems
  • Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)
  • Benefits of Intelligent Tutoring Systems
  • Challenges Intelligent Tutoring Systems
  • Ai In Assessment and Feedback
  • Benefits of AI in Assessment and Feedback
  • Challenges of AI in Assessment and Feedback
  • Ethical Concerns and the Human Element

179

Chapter-13

RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

186-192

 

  • INTRODUCTION

187

 

  • RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

187

 

  • ETHICS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

188

 

  • APPLYING RESEARCH FINDINGS IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS
  • Steps for Applying Research

190

Chapter-14

CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

193-199

 

  • DIGITAL LEARNING AND ONLINE EDUCATION

194

 

  • ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LEARNING

194

 

  • CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
  • Benefits of Cultural Education

195

 

  • EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT

197

Chapter-15

APPLICATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

200-205

 

  • INTRODUCTION

201

 

  • APPLYING THEORIES TO REAL-WORLD EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

201

 

  • EVALUATING THE RELEVANCE OF THEORIES TO SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT

202

 

  • ADAPTING THEORIES TO FIT THE CONTEXT

203

 

  • IMPLEMENTING THEORIES IN THE CLASSROOM

203

 

  • MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THEORIES
  • Methods of Monitoring

204

Chapter-16

REFLECTION AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 

206-214

 

  • 16.1 INTRODUCTION

207

 

  • 16.2 THE ROLE OF REFLECTION IN EDUCATION
  • Reflective Practice
  • Theories Supporting Reflective Practice
  • Data-Driven Reflection
  • Student Feedback
  • Collaborative Reflection and Peer Feedback
  • Communities of Professional Learning (PLCs)
  • Observations from Peers
  • Coaching and Mentoring

207

 

  • THE CYCLE OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
  • Steps in the Continuous Improvement Cycle
  • Application of Theories in Continuous Improvement

211

 

  • TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR REFLECTION AND IMPROVEMENT

212

 

  • THE LIFELONG JOURNEY OF IMPROVEMENT

213

Chapter-17

CASE STUDIES & FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY  

215-223

 

  • CASE 1: CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING THEORIES ARE BEING USED BY A MIDDLE SCHOOL TO REVAMP ITS SCIENCE CURRICULUM

216

 

  • CASE 2: USING BEHAVIORIST LEARNING THEORY TO ENHANCE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND CLASSROOM DISCIPLINE

218

 

  • CASE 3: REDUCING STUDENT OVERWHELM WITH THE USE OF COGNITIVE LOAD THEORY APPLICATION

220

 

  •  

Ms. Sonika

Ms. Sonika is a highly experienced PGT EVGC (Educational and Vocational Guidance Counselor) at Jose Marti Sarvodaya Vidyalaya, R K Puram, New Delhi, under the Directorate of Education, NCT Delhi. With over 10 years of dedicated service, she has played a pivotal role in teaching and counseling students in Delhi Government schools. Ms. Sonika holds a BA and MA in Psychology from MDU Rohtak, along with a B.Ed and M.Ed from the same esteemed institution. She further enhanced her expertise with a Post Graduate Diploma in Guidance and Counseling from Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Recently, Ms. Sonika was honored with the prestigious Guru Gaurav Ratna Samman Award 2024 in Dehradun, UK, recognizing her outstanding contributions to education and counseling.

Dr. Shilpa Shinde

Dr. Shilpa Shinde is Associate Professor at MMBGIMS Institute, University of Mumbai. Her expertise is backed by a series of prestigious certifications, including Quality Management from the Institute of Quality Ltd. (Philip Crosby Associates, Boston) and Enterprise Routing by Juniper Networks Inc., USA. She is also an alumna of the National Institute of Information Technology (India). Dr. Shinde holds a Doctorate in Management, a PGDM from Symbiosis Institute, Pune, and a Master of Marketing Management (MMM) from the University of Mumbai. She is also recognized for her significant contributions to research, holding multiple Research Patent Grants in her name.

Dr. Piyanka Dhar

Dr. Piyanka Dhar is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology  (A Constitute College of  Sikkim Manipal University, India ). She has been associated with the institution as faculty member since 2011. She has completed her Masters in Statistics from Calcutta University (Govt. recognized University) and received Doctoral degree from Vidyasagar University (Govt. recognized University). She has extensive teaching experience spanning 16 years. Dr. Dhar published her research in more than 5 international/national conferences. She has collaborated actively with researchers in 16 national/international journals in several other disciplines of Science and management. Her area of interest is Psychometry.  

Prof. Jamakhandi Hayavadana

Prof. Jamakhandi Hayavadana graduated with a B.Tech in Textile Technology from Bangalore University in 1985, an M.Tech from PSG College of Technology, and a PhD from Anna University in 1998. He also holds an MBA from the University of Madras. With 38 years of academic and industrial experience, he has published numerous papers in national and international journals and holds two patents. His research focuses on mechanization of handloom, textile testing, and Lean Six Sigma applications. During his 28 years at Osmania University, he served as Professor and Head, guiding numerous Ph.D scholars and graduating 26 UG and 6 PG batches.  

Dr.D. Baskaran

Dr.D. Baskaran is an Associate Professor of English in the Centre for Distance andOnline Education (CDOE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Hehas 25 years of teaching and 15years of research experience in the sameinstitution. He has received two awards. Now he is acting as Programme Coordinatorfor B.A. English and M.A. English of CDOE. He has acquired two Ph.D. degrees,one in Education and another one in English. Four scholars were awarded Ph.D.in Education under his guidance, two scholars are pursuing it now. More than 40M.Phil. Scholars were awarded under his guidance. He has edited Four Text Booksand Five conference proceedings. He has organized two National Seminars and OneInternational Conference.  His area of Specialization is English Language Teaching(ELT).